The Journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of academic integrity and ethical publishing. The journal maintains a strict policy against plagiarism and other forms of academic misconduct in accordance with the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing promoted by Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).

 

Plagiarism in any form is considered unethical and unacceptable. Authors are responsible for ensuring that all submitted manuscripts are original works and that any use of the ideas, words, data, figures, tables, or research findings of others is properly acknowledged and cited.

Definition of Plagiarism

Plagiarism includes, but is not limited to:

• Copying text, ideas, images, tables, or data from other sources without proper attribution;

• Presenting another person's work as one's own;

• Submitting a manuscript that substantially overlaps with previously published work without appropriate disclosure;

• Self-plagiarism or redundant publication, including the reuse of substantial portions of an author's own published work without proper citation;

• Improper paraphrasing that closely mirrors the original source;

• Unauthorized translation and publication of previously published works without acknowledgment.

Similarity Screening

All manuscripts submitted to the journal are subject to plagiarism screening before entering the peer-review process. The Editorial Office uses recognized plagiarism detection software, such as Turnitin, iThenticate, or equivalent tools, to evaluate textual similarity.

The similarity screening process is intended to identify potential instances of plagiarism, duplicate publication, or excessive textual overlap. Similarity reports are assessed by editors, who consider both the percentage of similarity and the nature of the matched content.

Similarity Threshold

As a general guideline:

• Manuscripts should have an overall similarity index of no more than 20%.

• Similarity from a single source should generally not exceed 5%.

• Bibliographies, references, properly quoted material, legal provisions, and commonly used methodological descriptions may be excluded from the similarity assessment.

The Editorial Board reserves the right to evaluate each case individually and may apply different standards where justified by the nature of the manuscript.

Editorial Actions

When plagiarism or excessive similarity is identified, the journal may take one or more of the following actions:

Before Publication

• Request clarification from the author(s);

• Require revision and proper citation of sources;

• Reject the manuscript due to ethical concerns.

After Publication

If plagiarism is discovered after publication, the journal may:

• Publish a correction or clarification;

• Issue an expression of concern;

• Retract the article;

• Notify the author's institution or relevant authorities where appropriate.

All investigations will be conducted fairly, confidentially, and in accordance with COPE guidelines.

Author Responsibilities

Authors are expected to:

• Submit only original and unpublished work;

• Properly cite and acknowledge all sources;

• Obtain permission where necessary for copyrighted materials;

• Disclose any prior dissemination of the manuscript, including conference papers, preprints, or related publications;

• Cooperate fully with editorial inquiries regarding originality and authorship.

Commitment to Academic Integrity

The Editorial Board, reviewers, authors, and publisher share responsibility for maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record. The journal does not tolerate plagiarism, data fabrication, data falsification, citation manipulation, or any other form of academic misconduct. By submitting a manuscript to the journal, authors affirm that their work is original, has not been plagiarized, and complies with the journal’s ethical standards and anti-plagiarism requirements.