Deepfake Technology as a Tool of Digital Crime: Challenges for Indonesian Criminal Justice Systems
Keywords:
Deepfake, Digital Crime, Criminal Justice Indonesia, Cybercrime, Digital Evidence, Artificial IntelligenceAbstract
Deepfake technology has emerged as a significant threat to modern criminal justice systems due to its ability to generate highly realistic synthetic audio-visual content. In Indonesia, the increasing accessibility of deepfake tools has raised concerns regarding identity fraud, defamation, political manipulation, and sexual exploitation. This article analyzes the challenges posed by deepfake technology within the Indonesian criminal justice framework. Employing normative legal research and comparative analysis, the study examines the adequacy of existing provisions under Indonesian criminal law, including electronic information and transaction regulations, in addressing deepfake-related offences. The findings reveal that current legal instruments are fragmented and lack explicit recognition of synthetic media as a distinct category of digital evidence or criminal instrument. Furthermore, challenges arise in proving authenticity, establishing intent, and attributing liability to perpetrators operating across jurisdictions. The article argues that the absence of specific regulation creates enforcement gaps and weakens deterrence. It recommends the development of a dedicated legal framework addressing synthetic media crimes, improved digital forensic capacity, and international cooperation mechanisms. The study concludes that deepfake technology requires urgent doctrinal and regulatory adaptation to safeguard legal certainty and protect victims in Indonesia’s digital ecosystem.
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