Algorithmic Policing and Due Process Rights: Balancing Efficiency and Fairness in Criminal Justice in Indonesia

Abstract

The integration of algorithmic systems in policing has transformed criminal justice administration by enhancing predictive capabilities and operational efficiency. However, the deployment of algorithmic policing raises critical concerns regarding due process rights, transparency, and potential bias. This article examines the implications of algorithm-driven law enforcement practices in Indonesia, focusing on the tension between technological efficiency and fundamental legal safeguards. Using normative legal research combined with comparative insights from jurisdictions such as the United States and the European Union, the study evaluates whether existing Indonesian legal frameworks adequately regulate algorithmic decision-making in policing. The findings indicate that while algorithmic tools may improve crime detection and resource allocation, they also risk reinforcing structural biases embedded in training data, leading to discriminatory outcomes. Furthermore, the lack of transparency and explainability in algorithmic systems undermines the principles of fair trial and accountability. The article argues that Indonesia’s criminal justice system requires regulatory intervention to ensure algorithmic accountability, including mandatory impact assessments, transparency obligations, and judicial oversight mechanisms. It concludes that balancing efficiency and fairness necessitates a rights-based regulatory approach to algorithmic policing.