Generative Artificial Intelligence and Cybercrime: Emerging Threats and Regulatory Responses

Abstract

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has introduced transformative capabilities in content creation, but it also presents new opportunities for cybercriminal activities. The ability of GenAI systems to produce realistic text, images, audio, and code has facilitated the emergence of sophisticated cyber fraud, phishing schemes, identity theft, and automated hacking tools. This article investigates the evolving relationship between generative AI and cybercrime, focusing on emerging threats and regulatory responses at both national and international levels. Using doctrinal legal analysis and comparative evaluation, the study examines existing cybercrime regulations and their adequacy in addressing AI-enabled offences. The findings reveal that current legal frameworks are largely reactive and insufficient to address the speed and scale of GenAI-driven criminal innovation. Key challenges include attribution of responsibility, detection of AI-generated content, and jurisdictional complexities in cross-border digital crimes. The article proposes a multi-layered regulatory approach combining criminal law reform, platform accountability, and AI governance frameworks. It concludes that effective regulation must anticipate technological evolution rather than respond retrospectively, ensuring that criminal justice systems remain resilient in the face of rapidly advancing generative technologies.